CMG301 MOD 4 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CMG301 MOD 4 SLP - Essay Example Also, organization understandings can assist better with acknowledging objectives, for example, a sheltered workplace, goals of issues without suit, ideal fruition, and least interruption to nature, and accomplish a more customer centered plan with diminished blunders and exclusions (Galey and Pagrzeba 124). Capital Roofing Company, notwithstanding banding together with the proprietors of 123 First Street, Seattle, can likewise cooperate with roofing materials providers to all the more likely guarantee unwavering quality of estimating and gracefully during the lifetime of the task. Organizations with suppliers of Roof Diagnostics administrations or Preventative Maintenance Programs, or Photovoltaic Systems and Green Roofing can likewise include esteem that the proprietors may want, so as to decrease their carbon impressions or to set aside cash over the long haul through productivity gains. Haltenhoff, C. Edwin and Rita A. Gregory. â€Å"Partnering on Small Construction Projects.† Discussion. Diary of Construction Engineering and Management 127.4 (2001): 346-7. EBSCOhost. Web. 12 Sep.

Internal Auditors Report On Goodner Brothers

Inward Auditors Report On Goodner Brothers Inward Auditors Report on Goodner Brothers Inc 1.0 Internal Control is an arrangement of checking adjusts and it is intended to give a sensible affirmation that advantages are secured. At that point, bookkeeping information must be precise as per the data of bookkeeping. Activities ought to be proficient and furthermore law and approaches are ordered with. For this organization (Goodners Brothers), We noticed that shortcomings in interior control of this organization make representative of this organization, Woody Robinson was in a difficult situation. Along these lines, the representative exploited his companys frail interior controls by taking an enormous of stock, which worker at that point offered to different gatherings. We recognize that the demonstration of Woody Robinson was a type of significant misrepresentation. In any case, We have expressed underneath that the fundamental key interior control destinations for Goodners Huntington deals office. We likewise expressed that the key inner control shortcomings and its sugge stion that were apparent in Huntington units tasks and control arrangements or methodology to lighten the key interior control shortcomings. Then again, We likewise expressed that different gatherings other than Woody Robinson who incompletely answerable for stock misfortunes in the organization along with scarcely any extortion hazard the executives technique that could be actualized by this organization. 2.0 From this case, we have discovered that Sales Representative(Woody Robinson) in Goodners Huntington deals office exploited Goodner Brothers Inc powerless in inside controls by taking a lot of stock. Thus, We accept this are the accompanying key inside control targets ought to be keep up in Goodners Huntington deals office. Right off the bat, Sales workplaces staff need to guarantee that the each exchange ought to have a legitimate approval to forestall this sort of false utilization of assets. For instance, Sales workplaces staff ought to get the endorsement from the administration or chief for very exchanges. By apply this first goal, the deficiencies of stock can be limited and makes all the exchanges going easily. Furthermore, Physical shields and security ought to have been the key inward control targets. For instance, deals workplaces staff need to guarantee that entrance to physical resources and data frameworks should be controlled and appropriately limited to approved fac ulty. Then again, legitimacy likewise ought to have been the key inner control objective. In this way, deals workplaces staff need to guarantee that every single recorded exchange decently should be speak to the financial matters occasions that really happened and furthermore ought to be executed as per administrations general approval. Next, Error in taking care of likewise ought to have been the key inside control objective. Thus, deals workplaces staff need to guarantee that whatever blunders recognized at any phase of handling get fast restorative activity and furthermore should answered to the proper degree of the executives. Next, Completeness likewise ought to have been the key inner control objective. In this way, deals workplaces staff need to guarantee that no legitimate exchanges ought to have been overlooked from the stock records. This five destinations that we expressed generally speaking can least the terrible obligations. Moreover, great control can limited or keep u p of the stock records. 2.1 On the other hand, we have recognize the key inward control shortcomings and that were apparent in the Huntington units tasks. Right off the bat, there is absence of adequate laborers in the organization to play out the truly necessary different undertaking since we recognize that the organization have 14 deals outlets with skeletal teams of 10 to 12 workers. At that point, a project supervisor administered different representatives at every outlet and furthermore working a business region. The rest of the staff normally included two agent. Besides, an assistant who having twofold occupation as a secretary and furthermore as a clerk and seven representatives who conveying the tires and working in the units stock stockroom. Thus, this shows unmistakably that one of the significant key inside control shortcomings is deficient of laborers is working in the organization. Next, another key inside control shortcomings in the Huntington units activities is the inability to facilitate a forward-thinking bookkeeping framework used to give a genuine or exact record of stock since we was distinguish that each goodner deals outlet keeping up an electronic bookkeeping framework. These frameworks additionally normally made by a normalized design and not create for specific for the organization. These frameworks is instant. Close to this, we likewise found that the units project supervisor and two agents had unlimited access to the bookkeeping framework. Along these lines, since the enormous volume of deals and buy exchanges consistently overwhelmed the clerk . At that point, agents additionally much of the time entered exchanges legitimately into framework. Moreover, another key interior control shortcomings in the Huntington units activities is the absence of security expected to shield the benefits sold. Organization inability to limited the security. We have distinguish that the salesperson (Woody Robinson) exploiting and routinely took the stock and kept the returns. Woody Robinson additionally proceeding with took in different manners. Now and again, Woody Robinson charged product that he was sold for his own advantage to the records of enormous volume clients. Along these lines, this methods makes stock equalization in the Huntington facilitys bookkeeping records. We likewise recognize that Woody Robinson charged the clients for stock they had not buy. Goodners clients much of the time returned tires for different reasons. We found that Woody Robinson finished all the credit updates for deals exchanges voided by his clients and simultaneously, Woody Robinson not restoring the tires to Goodners stock. At that point, Woody Robinson additionally routinely offer a portion of the tires to different clients for money. Thus, on account of organization absence of security needs to shield the benefits sold. This makes the amount of taking tires made Woody Robinson was expanding extremely high. Next, another key inner control shortcomings in the Huntin gton units tasks is the organization inability to ensure that all the bookkeeping data was right or not. We have distinguish that the salesperson themselves routinely got to, checked on and refreshed their clients account and furthermore finishing buy orders. Deals orders, credit updates and other bookkeeping archive on the auspicious premise, Furthermore, the agent gave all the records to the clerk and furthermore use them to enter the exchanges straightforwardly into the bookkeeping framework. We additionally have distinguish that salesman had direct access to the stock stockpiling regions and during substantial deals periods, agent consistently stacked and conveyed clients orders themselves. In this way, this makes effectively mistakes happened in the bookkeeping data. In this way, we have expressed those key inward control shortcomings and its suggestion with the obvious in the Huntington units tasks. 2.2 This are the accompanying control strategies or systems to lighten the key inner control shortcomings . Right off the bat, Proper approval of exchanges. Making and utilizing financial plans is a type of approval. This makes simpler for Huntington units activities. The acquisition of merchandise and enterprises ought to be mentioned by one individual and affirmed by another. People that handle money ought to be reinforced. Besides , another strategies or systems is Segregation of obligations. This incorporates doling out various individuals the obligations of approving exchanges, recording exchanges, and keeping up guardianship of advantages. The individual gathering money ought not be the individual who records the money receipt. In the event that there is sufficient staff, a turn of obligations can wipe out representative control of records or resources. The endorsement of buys ought not be made by the individual who approaches the checks. Moreover, another strategies or techniques is plan and utilization of sufficient archives and records to help guarantee the best possible chronicle of exchanges and occasions. Salesperson ought to consistently pre-numbered checks, receipts and buy requests ought to be utilized and arrangement ought to be accounted. At that point, dropped checks, vouchers, and receipts ought to be kept up. Voucher bundles (solicitations, buy arranges and accepting reports) ought to be dropped (stepped paid) after installment to forestall copy installments. The solicitations ought to be coordinated to getting reports and accepting reports ought to be coordinated to buy requests to guarantee that salesperson got, requested and just compensation for what we got. Simultaneously, diaries ought to be saved for all exchanges. Next, another strategies or methods is satisfactory protections w ith respect to access to and utilization of advantages and records. At that point, access to unlimited free passes, signature plates, and buy requests ought to be confined. PCs ought to have passwords to access and change data and working territory likewise ought to be obvious to bosses. Be that as it may, voided checks ought to be ruined by removing the mark line or composing void on the substance of the check and furthermore totally voided checks ought to be kept up. On the off chance that the organization apply every one of those strategies or techniques that we expressed. The shortcomings of key interior control will be improved. 2.3 Furthermore, We likewise recognize that other than Woody Robinson, there is scarcely any gatherings were in part answerable for stock misfortunes goodners endured. Clients is one of the gatherings answerable for stock misfortunes since when clients whined to Woody Robinson for being charged for stock they had not bought, Woody Robinson typically apologized and remedied their record adjusts however on the off chance that a portion of the clients once in a while paid the illegal charges, so this shows clients unconsciously helped Woody Robinson continue his false plan. Next, We distinguish that Felix Garcia, the Huntington team lead is likewise one of

A Handmaids Tale essays

A Handmaids Tale articles IN THE NOVEL THE HANDMAIDS TALE BY MARGRET ATWOOD, A SOCIETY IS CREATED WHERE GOD AND GOVERNMENT ARE JOINED;AND AMERICA WHICH IS NOW GILEAD,IS RUN WITH EXTREME STRICTNESS OF RELIGIOUS AND MORAL DUTIES.ATWOOD POSITS A FUTURE SOCIETY BASED ON SEXUAL REPRESSION.THERE IS A SOCIETY IN WHICH THE MAN IS ENFORCES RULERSHIP BUT THE WOMEN MAKE ALL THE OTHER DECISIONS.IT IS A SOCIETY IN WHICH THEY LIVE LITERALLY ON GENISIS CHAPTER 30:1-6.THIS IS A VERY DISTURBING NOVEL IT SUGGESTS A FUTURE WHERE SOCIETY, AND THE RULERS ARE TYRANNICAL. ATWOOD POSITS A FUTURE SOCIETY BASED ON SEXUAL REPRESSION.IN THE BOOK HANDMAIDS ARE GIVEN NAMES LIKE OFWARREN AND OFGLEN WHICH ARE COMPOSED OF POSSESIVE PREPOSITION.(PAGE 19)THE NAMES WERE TAKEN BY THOSE WOMEN UPON THEIR ENTRY INTO THE HOUSEHOLD OF A CERTAIN COMMANDER.THE WOMEN OR THE HANDMAIDS MUST LISTEN AND OBEY THE COMMANDERS WIFE.MEN AND WOMEN ARE NOT ALLOWED TO TALK TO EACH OTHER EXCEPT WHENTHEY ARE TOLD.THE CLOTHING WORN BY WOMEN IN OUR Present day TIME CANNOT BE WORN IT IS FORBIDDEN AND CONSIDERED DIRTY, THE WOMEN MUST BE FULLY CLOTHED EXCEPT FOR THEIR FACE AND THEIR THE FORMER UNITED STATES NOW REPUBLIC OF GILEAD,IS RUN WITH Exacting RELIGIOUS AND MORAL DUTIES.THE PEOPLE HAVE TO PRAY DAILY,IN THE MORNING AND IN THE NIGHT.IN THIS NOVEL THE GOVERNMENT TRIES TO FOLLLOW GOD BUT THEY DO NOT FOLLOW IT IN THE WAYS GOD WANTED US TO;THEY TAKE THE BIBLE LITERALLY.THE BOOK ALSO SHOWS THE HARSH Truth OF THE WAY OUR SOCIETY IS LIVING ESPECIALLY WOMEN.IT SHOWS THAT WE DO NOT NOTICE THE WAY THAT OUR SOCIETY ACTS,DRESSES AND BEHAVES.DEEP FEELINGS OF OUR MORALITY AS HUMANS ARE PRESENTED. IN THIS BOOK,ATWOOD CREATES A SOCIETY WHERE MEN ENFORCE RULERSHIP, BUT WOMEN MAKE ALL OTHER CHOICES.IN THE NOVEL MEN ARE ... <!

An Accounting Case Study Analysis - Free Essay Example

Accounting The following Report Assess three different scenarios in terms of the question raised, and provide the detailed explanation as required in the questions. The cases deal with the Taxation and accounting in the UAE (Case 1), American Expats Warned against Tax non- Compliance (Case 2) and Emirati Government on Humanitarian Aid (Case 3). Case # 1: RAK Free Zone: Taxation and Accounting in the UAE Tax Laws in the UAE and the sources of Taxable and Non Taxable income in the UAE: United Arab Emirates is aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ No Taxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ country which does not require the residents of the UAE to pay Income Taxes on their earnings. Corporations other than the Oil, gas, petrochemical companies and banks are not required to pay corporation taxes on their annual profits. Similarly, there is not direct or indirect taxation enforced on the end user of products in the form of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Value Added Taxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (VAT) in the UAE. This makes UAE an attractive place for the international investorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s corporation to encourage their businesses to be established in the UAE. The main sources of income from the tax for the country are from the taxes imposed on the owners of the business properties who rent out their properties. These owners are required to pay the emirate municipal tax which is usually 10% of their annual rental value earned by the owner. Another source of the income for UAE is the contribution made by the individuals on their earnings who are UAE Nationals only which is around 5% of their salary. Also, the tax imposed on the Oil, Gas, Petrochemical and Banks in the form of the Corporation tax could also be a contribution to the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sources of income. As UAE is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"No Taxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Country meaning that it does not have to be federal legislation in the UAE which embodies the Tax regulation i.e. The Tax payment or the Refunds to the individuals, corporations and the Capitals Gains tax which arises as a result of the capital gain earned by an individual. The IUAE does not have a federal tax legislation imposed in the country however; each emirate in the UAE can impose and have its own tax laws. However, there is a legislation imposed in Abu Dhabi. UAE has the double taxation treaties with other countries which states that the incomes or profits earned by the corporation in the UAE which submit their remittance of their profits to the countries which their parent companies have been in operation, No tax will be levied on the profits of that company. Similarly, if the company earns a dividend income, interes t or the royalties, or the fees, these will only be taxable in the state where that income is earned. This makes UAE an attractive location for the companies having their parent companies in some other countries and which have a double taxation treaties with the UAE. For Example Company A earns a profit of $10 Million and the parent company of Company A operates in such a country which has a double taxation treaty with the UAE, then the company A will have to pay no Tax on the remittance of its profits which it makes to its parent company. International Accounting Standards are used widely by the companies operating in the UAE in order to prepare their Financial Statements. The companies are required to maintain their accounting records which include invoices etc. for a period of five years as per the Commercial Companies Law and Commercial Transaction Laws. The companies operating in the UAE are required to file to the UAE Federal Ministry of the Economy and Commerce and with the local licensing authority their financial statements within 120 day from the end of the financial year. Some licensing authorities also require the companies to file audited financial statement as part of the annual license renewal process usually within 90 from the date of the year end. Case # 2: American Expats Warned Against Tax non- Compliance The scenario provides detailed information regarding the filing of the Tax Return by the Americans working in the UAE. Americans residing in the UAE should be able file their tax return as the overseas taxpayers as early as possible. The IRS (Inland Revenue Service) has been assessing the Americans who are living and working in the abroad, UAE in particular. The US citizens are given dates of filing their tax returns which should be beginning by 1st January and the tax returns should reach IRS by April 15 as mentioned by Virginia La Torre Jeker. In the scenario presented in the case study the American residents residing an d working in the UAE are required to declare their assets and the relative income earned by those assets. Double Taxation treaties may apply in this scenario as the American Residents may have earned the income or the revenue from the ownership of the assets in the UAE and they may not be required to be any tax on these incomes in the UAE. However, being the American Nationals residing in the foreign country they may be required by the US Tax jurisdiction to pay their taxes to IRS on their incomes and the profits. The costs for the Non-compliance by the American Residents earning in the UAE could be high enough. If any of the American residents in the UAE fails to file their tax returns to the IRS duly within the deadline issued by the tax authority then they may have to be accounted for as per the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program. Those qualifying under the streamed line processing even if they are non-willful may have to face the penalties of $10,000. And the willful vi olators may have to face a fine of greater of, $100,000 of 50% of the total balance of their foreign bank accounts. The foreign bank are therefore obliged to provide detailed report of their US account holders, the banks may have to deal with the 30% withholding tax on the income from the US financial assets. Case # 3: Humanitarian Aid The Emirati government has dealt with the humanitarian aid in such a way that the government has made the humanitarian aid into a foreign policy instrument the philosophy of which has been based on the Islamic belief that helping those in the need is the primary duty. The Government of UAE has been able to establish a body for the Coordination of Foreign Aid (OCFA) in 2008. The approach taken by this body enables the government of UAE to have a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of UAE foreign assistance. The Emirati Government then analyses the aid received from the charity institutes involved in the collection of the funds which needs to be dispatched to the counties or territories in need of the assistance in any matter relating to the welfare of that state or its people. A report issued in 2012 had revealed that around 43 charity organization in the UAE had been able to disburse about $1.59 billion which makes Dh5.59 billion to the development projects, One of the development projects has been the connecting bridge in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan which has enabled the connections between 15 towns and 45 villages on both sides of the Swat river. The Emirati Government has been involved in projects associated with the development of education sector to those countries or territories where there has been a lack of educational infrastructure. The Emirati government receives funds report from different charity organization operating within the county and even foreign assistance is also received by the government. These finds should be classed as the humanitarian aid received by UAE in regards for helping those in need of the funds. As H.H. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed has mentioned that the humanitarian diplomacy is one of the pillars of the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s foreign policy. The Emirati government assists in the provision of this aid for the improvement of the quality of life by constructing roads, hospitals and schools and also assisting in the development of economy of any state and to support that state in the development of the budget policies. References Used PKF Worldwide Tax Guide (2013) United Arab Emirates Tax Guide 2013. PKF International Tax Committee. https://www.pkf.com/media/1959029/united arab emirates pkf tax guide 2013.pdf U.S. Income Tax Return Preparation and Advice for American Citizen (Expatriates) Living in Dubai / UAE. , Expat Tax Guide. https://www.taxesforexpats.com/uae/us-tax-preparation-in-dubai-uae.html?gclid=CjgKEAjwzIucBRDzjIz9qMOB3TASJABBIwL11kVIStvJ66QP2QTHIZGEw-Elz-Qqw3TiWl5am6JwUfD_BwE Translation of development and humanitarian aid into foreign policy instruments., UAE Interact Humanitarian Aid https://www.uaeinteract.com/government/development_aid.asp Dubai: Double Tax Treaties and Latest Unite Arab Emirates Treaty Updates. Lowtax Global Tax a Business Portal https://www.lowtax.net/information/dubai/dubai-double-tax-treaties.html US Expat Taxes Explained: Filing Taxes as an American Living in the UAE. How Expat Taxes, US Expat taxes, UAE Income Tax Rate, UAE Tax Due Dates and UAE Social Security implementations. Protax Consulting Services Inc. Tax Accountants and Consultants. https://www.protaxconsulting.com/blog/2013/01/19/us-expat-taxes-explained-filing-taxes-as-an-american-living-in-the-uae-2/ UAE double taxation treaties and agreements. Double Taxation Relief; what they mean? List of countries having double taxation relief with UAE, or are under consideration. https://www.dubaifaqs.com/double-taxation-treaties-uae.php 1 | Page

Technology Makes the World Smaller - 1697 Words

Technology Make the World Smaller Office 2004 Test Drive User Table of Contents Commerce 4 Dell6 Ebay 7 E-cash8 Work Cited11 Footnotes12 Technology Makes the World Smaller The international marketplace is changing very fast every day. E-commerce and E-Business is now one of the standard ways to do business. The Internet has opened up vast opportunities for business to tap into new markets all over the world. The use of the Internet removes all geographical constraints, permits the instant establishment of virtual branches throughout the world, and allows direct and immediate foreign market entry to the smallest of businesses to the biggest. As the economy is becoming more global in nature, companies are handling more business on an†¦show more content†¦Co.s services offerings include infrastructure technology, consulting and applications, and business process services. Co. also provides a range of financing alternatives, asset management services, and other customer financial services for business and consumer customers. Co.s customers include corporate, government, healthcare, and education accounts. Co. conducts its businesses through four r eportable segments: Large Enterprise; Public; Small and Medium Business; and Consumer. Dell is a straightforward company that, like Gateway 2000, and a host of others, sells custom configured PCs to consumers and businesses around the world. Dell started as a mail order company that advertised in the back of magazines and sold their computers over the phone. Like the book Direct from Dell explains â€Å"Dells WebPages have enabled Dell computers to reduce their expenditures and become much more efficient in their production and distribution of their computers. Dells success at using the built to order system and internet has enabled them to become a much more efficient manufacturer of computers allowing Dell to maximize profits. Dells e-commerce presence is widely publicized these days because Dell is able to sell so much merchandise over the web. Dell currently sells something like $14,000,000 in equipment every day. 25% of Dells sales is over the web. Simplified e-commerce isShow MoreRelatedWesternization And Its Effects On Globalization And Westernization1134 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, dating back to the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia, larger civilizations have sought to dominate other peoples while smaller nations have struggled to preserve their history, beliefs and culture. 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Doctor-Assisted Suicide Essay - 928 Words

Have you ever thought about what you would do if you became diagnosed with a terminal illness that changed your life completely? There are many choices in the world that one could make, such as seeking physician-assisted suicide or deciding to live with a terminal illness. It is not everyday a person sits around and think about what they would do if an illness became unbearable to them. One could agree with Diane Coleman’s article â€Å"Doctor-Assisted Suicide Should Not Be an Option† or one could agree with Kathryn Tucker’s article â€Å"People Should Be Allowed To Choose Doctor-Assisted Suicide.† To better understand the authors’ opposing positions concerning physician-assisted suicide, one must examine their differing views on the reasons for†¦show more content†¦Understanding the different motives of why people choose to hasten their death may help you decide if you are ever in this predicament. The possibility of doctor abuse or coerci on is discussed in both articles. Coleman informs the readers of her article that doctors have a financial interest in aiding with suicides. These physicians, according to Coleman, are allowed to come to the conclusion of which patients is in need of their assistance and decides what information to discuss concerning treatment for their illness. Coleman says, â€Å"Oregon Law gives physician too much power† (Coleman). It allows the physician to say who is coherent enough to make the decision and if this is a good choice for that individual. Although, Coleman believes that physician is coercing patients, Tucker implies that doctors do not encourage patients to hasten death. In Tucker’s article Arthur Caplan states, â€Å"I was worried about people being pressured to do this. But this data confirms, for the seventh year, that the policy in Oregon is working. There is no evidence of abuse or coercion or misuse of the policy† (Tucker). Tucker furthermore discuss th at researchers have establish that Oregon does not have any apprehension of physicians-assistance because they do not discriminate against patients. The authors have different points of view when discussing doctor-assisted suicide effects to society. Coleman believes that people with disabilitiesShow MoreRelatedDoctor Assisted Suicide And Suicide1585 Words   |  7 PagesDoctor assisted suicide is a topic that has recently become a much larger debated issue than before. A timeline put together by Michael Manning and Ian Dowbigging shows that prior to Christianity, doctor assisted suicide was something that was tolerated, and was not heavily questioned (2). Yet, in the 13th century, Thomas Aquinas had made a statement about suicide as well as doctor assisted suicide, and his words shaped the Catholic teaching on suicide into what they teach today. 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This paper examines doctor assisted suicide by using peer reviewed articles that address many of the social and political issues surrounding doctor assisted suicide, including key factors such as the roles that technology and family play in a patient s decision to use assisted suicide. Brody (1995) gives an in depth view of how doctor assisted suicide works. Emanuel (1997) takes a closerRead MoreCanada s New Laws Regarding Doctor Assisted Suicide1828 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the Criminal Code of Canada, physician-assisted suicide is illegal in Canada. However, due to the changing minds of Canadians and their values over a course of time, Canada created new laws that directed the act of assisted suicide by a physician. However, it is an ongoing debat e whether these laws are problematic or beneficial. Canada’s new laws regarding doctor-assisted suicide are effective because patients can die with dignity, there are benefits to the healthcare system and thereRead MoreIs Doctor Assisted Suicide Ethical?1363 Words   |  6 Pages Is Doctor-Assisted Suicide Ethical? â€Å"Doctor-assisted suicide is the act of a physician facilitating the death of patient by providing the means or information to enable a patient to perform a life-ending act† (American Medical Association). When thinking of assisted suicide the first thing that comes to mind is whether it’s ethical for a doctor to assist in the suicide of a patient. There are many arguments both for and against the actRead MoreThe Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide821 Words   |  4 PagesThe Controversial Issue of Doctor-Assisted Suicide Imagine youu have just found out you are going to die within three months. Recently the questions have been changed form, What am I going to do with the rest of my life? to When should I kill myself? With painful and crippling diseases such as AIDS and cancer, and Alzheimers along with doctors such as Dr. Kavorkian, some people are choosing death over life. Doctor assisted suicide has been a very controversial subject in the past fewRead More Essay on Euthanasia and Doctor-Assisted Suicide1175 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide    This paper will address some of the more popular points of interest involved with the euthanasia-assisted suicide discussion. There are less than a dozen questions which would come to mind in the case of the average individual who has a mild interest in this debate, and the following essay presents information which would satisfy that individuals curiosity on these points of common interest.    Euthanasia and assisted suicide are legal in the state

Business Communication Burnett Holdings NQ Pty Ltd.

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Communicationfor Burnett Holdings NQ Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction Deluliis (2016), defines communication as the process used to transfer or impart thoughts from one person or group to another. This can be done through language, writing, recordings and other signs. As part of my part time engagement at the Burnett Holdings NQ Pty Ltd. Family business, I realized that communication problems could really cost a company money and productivity. If an organization lacks proper ways of communicating, then employees are not able to exchange information with customers and so is the management(Armstrong, 2009). This is not good for business since information is paramount for daily operation of a grocery store. Any business calls for a need to create a proper communication network that can carry new product information and other business processes. In reference to my engagement at Burnett Holdings NQ Pty Ltd, the following successful and unsuccessful communication processes were realized. Cattle Management Decision Working at Burnett Holdings NQ Pty Ltd meant that one was bound to meet people from various diverse cultural backgrounds. Being a native speaker of English language, I experience many language challenges with some of the staff who came from the Asian and Spanish countries. According to Hall (2016), even though a diverse workplace has its benefits; like providing a variety of solutions to the issues surrounding the company and bringing insights to international market expansion, language barrier can be a major setback. This usually occurs in a diverse workplace. Employees find difficulties coming to understand one another or translating messages from the supervisors(Keyton, et al., 2013). Language barrier is usually caused by people from different ethnic backgrounds working in the same organization or department. In addition, people from different age groups can have different types of industry experience which will bring about language barrier. According to Eunson (2007), any form of language barrier is not good for the business process in the company. This is because it creates a lot of misunderstanding leading to slow down of customer service and effective processes in the organization. As part of my work, language barrier was experienced during a decision that was suggested about cattle management during the wet season. This happened when I was tasked to attend to a work station of my colleague. Since I am a English native speaker, the message was not clear from my French speaking supervisor. Later on, I came to learn that the message I received was different from the message sent. The actually message sent meant that I was directed to clear the one of the cow Barns for a colleague of mine who had excused himself to take a family phone call. When my colleague came back, I informed him that the supervisors had given him a day off and I will cover for him while he attends to family issues. The main issue that caused the noise or interference laid on the fact that the French speaking supervisor knew little English which he did not speak perfectly. Therefore, some words were not complete while other words were wrongly placed changing the meaning of the message. In this regard, the cultural issue that played here is the ethnic diversity, since there were communication breakup due to language barrier. It was only discovered later on that I was not the only one suffering the same problem with the supervisor. Other workers at my capacity also underwent the same communication problem with the supervisors since most of the workers there were from English speaking countries. The other communication elements that were in play in this situation included the ideas, which is the subject matter of communication process. The idea behind the message was also distorted due to language barrier, leading to the workmate taking a day off while he was not given permission to do so(Gilmore Williams, 2013). Another communication element was encoding and decoding of the message. The way that the message was arranged by the messenger before finally delivering to the receiver, (another element) also played in the process. After receiving the message from the supervisor, I first tried to understand his message in my own way, after this, the message was packaged in another form and sent to the receiver(Deluliis, 2016). As the receiver decoded the message, he tried to shape it in a way that would enable him extract meaning from the message to enable him have a complete understanding of the same message. The communication process thus broke down because the way the message was encoded by the sender was not the real message intended for the decoder. This led to the communication breakdown and the receiver took a day off in this regard. If there were application of the ecological model of communication, then there would be a great difference(Foulger, 2004). As shown below: The ecological model will provide space where the communication issue can be explored. According to the model, communication will occur under four fundamental constructs. The first one will be between the creator and the consumer of the message; these are created by the use of language and interpreted by use of language. It discusses who says what, using which channel, to whom and what the effect is. In this regard, the who is the message creator, says what is the message and in which channel discusses language of communication, to whom is the message consumer(Foulger, 2004). The effect of the message will thus be rectified by use of these relationships as it defines interpretation, perspectives and evolution of the language. Overhead Management Decision The other communication barrier experienced at the work place was caused by lack of feedback. According to Hackman Katz (2010), lack of feedback has seen communication becoming ineffective in organisations. Especially during the exchange of information in the company. The managerial staff and employees need to provide feedback all the time to improve information quality as disseminated. This will also look at the manner which the information is delivered to the receiver. While working at Burnett Holdings NQ Pty Ltd, the company management required to inform employees that earth moving machinery will not be used in the wet months of the year from December to April. This meant that during this time, a new way of managing cattle waste will be introduced and would involve employees doing the work manually. Having submitted the memo in the companys notice board, the management did not make a follow up of the information prior to setting giving notice on machine operators to return the machinery to the garage. When employees came to work the following morning, none was able to work with the new system of moving cattle waste. This meant that the company operations would be closed for the day until the earth moving machinery is brought back. At this, there was a challenge in providing feedback by the employees on the new ways of operation. According to most of the employees, the message that was received in this regard, was that the management would provide an orientation of the new ways of moving waste as it would be used by all the employees for during the wet season. Thus the miscommunication. The reason there was no feedback was that employees did not see the need for feedback. As much as the company management asked if employees would be ok or not to provide feedback, none of them did, and the management assumed that everyone was okay with the new system. The issue that caused noise and interference is the communication tool. By having the memo in the notice board, it meant that most employees were likely to have not read it. In addition, the way that the message was written was not clear. At this, employees did not know whether it was necessary for them to provide feedback to this effect. The cultural issue that played in this regard is the communication process. The message sent thus was not consistent with the leadership and management communication of the organization as employees did not provide feedback of satisfaction for the message. Other communication elements that played in this sense are the encoders. Most of the employees did not understand the message in the memo, meaning that almost everyone translated the message in their own way, which was not the right one(Eunson, 2007). Also the feedback element; this happened as the company management failed to make sure that everyone received the message as intended through providing appropriate feedback or response(Foulger, 2004). The other element was the communication channel; this was the poor channel for such a message as many of the employees are likely to misunderstand or not even read the message at all giv en the urgency and placing of the message on the notice board. The communication process broke down because of two this, first, the channel of communication was poor, also the company management did not get feedback from the receivers of the message at the intended time. Application of the intermediary communication model(Foulger, 2004) could have made a great difference in process. As shown in the figure below: According to the above model, the tools used for communication or sending of message are the ones that will determine the kind of messages that the receiver or audience will see and why they should see them. They can thus have the ability to change the message or prevent the message from reaching the audience. At this thus, the right channel would be a loud speaker calling for a meeting to effect the new changes. Conclusion In conclusion, communication at the work place is affected by various elements, it is however important for the sender to choose right channels by considering these elements. References Armstrong, M., 2009. Armstrong's handbook of management Practice. 10 ed. London: Kogan. Deluliis, D., 2016. Workplace Communication. Communication Research Trends, 35(1), p. 3. Eunson, B., 2007. Communication in the workplace. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley Sons Australia. Foulger, D., 2004. Models of Communication. [Online] Available at: https://davis.foulger.info/research/unifiedModelOfCommunication.htm [Accessed 24 October 2016]. Gilmore, S. Williams, S., 2013. Human Resource Management. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hackman, J. Katz, N., 2010. Group behavior and performance. In S. T. Fiske, D.T. Gilbert, G. Lindzey (Eds.). Handbook of social psychology (5th ed.), Volume 2, pp. 1208-1251. Hall, A., 2016. Exploring The Workplace Communication Preferences Of Millenials. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict, Volume 20, p. 35. Keyton, J. et al., 2013. Investigating Verbal Workplace Communication Behaviors. Journal of Business Communication, 50(2), pp. 152-169.

Invisible Man Essays (968 words) - Invisibility In Fiction

Invisible Man The Invisible Man, by H.G. Wells, is composed of many small themes that combined to form two major themes in the novel. Some of the minor themes are acting before thinking and denial of unexplainable events. It is based on the two major themes of science experiments gone wrong and the ignorance of society. The most important theme in the novel was the experiment that Griffin, the invisible man, was working and it was not going exactly as planned. The way that the experiment went bad was not by accident; instead it was Griffin who had made the mistake of turning himself invisible. The reason that the invisible man had for becoming invisible was that he was suspected as to be a vivesectionalist and he did not want to be punished for it. The reason for the final decision of becoming invisible was that Griffin thought there were many advantages. He finds out after becoming invisible that the whole thing was not thought through enough and being invisible had many more disadvantages than what he was expecting. This was an example of Griffin acting upon something before adding up all of the consequences of his actions. If he would have thought the process through Griffin would have, at least, made things invisible so he could use them and still be disguised. For instance he could have made some clothes invisible and even some common supplies that could have been handy along his travels. Griffin did not realize how many disadvantages his invisibility had until it was too late. After becoming invisible Griffin realized that he could not sneak around people very easy and people still knew he was around even though they could not see him. The people could see his footprints and see him if he became dirty. Another thing that Griffin did not realize before his experiment back fired was that he could not eat if he wanted to stay invisible. The people around him could see the food inside his stomach, until his body absorbed it. The experiment that Griffin went through was his own fault and also sealed his own fate. The major problem with his invisibility was that Griffin was not able to keep or have any friends. His only contact was after he was all bandaged up and looked as though he had been in a bad accident. Without any human contact or support Griffin was destined to become crazy. In the ending chapters of the novel it is obvious that Griffin has lost his mind and is completely insane. Not wanton killing, but a judicious slaying. The point is, they know there is an Invisible Man -- as well as we know there is an Invisible Man. And that Invisible Man, Kemp, must now establish a Reign of Terror.'? (Pg. 114) The previous quote was taken as the invisible man was talking to Kemp about his plans of judicial killing. This proves that Griffin has gone completely insane and it is his way of getting back at society for excluding him. He does not realize that if he had never made himself invisible nothing like this would be happening. Everything that has gone wrong was because of his experimentation with invisibility. The second most important theme is societies ignorance, contributed to the invisible man's fate. Society is always afraid of things that they do not understand or cannot explain. The reason they were so afraid of the invisible man was the fact that nobody could explain why he was invisible. The people of the town did not even give the man time to explain what had happened to him; everyone just started to chase him down. I believe that if the people would have been more open minded about his invisibility that the man might not have become crazy and killed in the end. Society cannot deal with things that cannot be explained as they are used to hearing them. There was skepticism even after the man vanished and there were witnesses to it. ?Scepticism suddenly reared its head -- rather nervous scepticism, not at all assured of its back, but scepticism nevertheless. It is so much easier not to believe in an invisible man;

Choking In Sports Essays - National Football League Season

Choking In Sports Essays - National Football League Season Choking In Sports I was sitting in my chair in my room watching a college football game on ESPN2, and I was looking for a topic for my report. I knew it would have to do with sports in some way. As I was watching the game, I realized that this game was getting interesting. A unranked, unknown team was beating a ranked team with a whole lot of talent. The game was getting close and before I knew it there was only 7 second left in the game. The unranked team had the ball at their opponents 25 yard line and were inning up for a field goal. There kicker was going to be a pro soon and was automatic. He made three field goals already that game. He was inning for what seemed like an easy field goal. This field goal meant a huge upset. There was no wind. It was a shoe in, but the kick went wide. He shanked the kick and team lost. Why would he do that? He had the leg? Why did he shank it? That is what I am going to write about. I wanted to know why player choke and what does it do to their careers. I will diss ect what happened to Mitch Williams and Scott Norwood. Two players who choked in big games and lost their careers because of it. They played in two different sports, but have similar positions. I will go through each position and what the NFL and MLB expects of these players. I will show you what kind of pressure Mitch Williams and Scott Norwood went through. I will use articles from sport web sites, and articles from Newsday magazine. I think that choking effects so many people and the outcome of games. Fantastic athletes that do there job with ease, but when it comes down to the big game, they play like how you and I would play. First, lets examine what a kickers job is in the sport of football(specifically in the NFL). The kicker is a specialist whos sole purpose is to kick the football into the goal post. In the NFL, if the kicker fails to kick the field goal in about 80 to 90 percent of the time, the kicker is released or fired. This is the way the NFL is. The trick to being a great NFL kicker is consistency and wits. The kicker makes, at average, the league minimum which is $250,000 a year.(Tj Simers, 1997) They only receive one to two year contracts. The biggest being Morten Andersen, who is one of the greatest kickers of all time, so you have to be the best to get good contracts. His contract is for about five years, all not guaranteed, for $870,000 dollars a year. There are reasons for this. The big thing for kickers in the NFL these days are a strong legged kicker who can make the 50+ yard field goals on command. The need for short range, but automatic kickers like Gary Anderson, kicker for The Minne sota Vikings, is not being emphasized. Most teams are all looking for the Morten Andersens and the Jason Elams.(Peter King, 1998) Although, like life you cant have both unless you are the cream of the crop. John Hall has one of the biggest legs in the business, but he only made 18 field goals out of 27 tries. This is not a good average, but since he can make these long field goal with ease, he keeps his job, for now. Most of the kicker hired are fired within only two years because they cannot keep this same standard and not have a toll on them physically and mentally which bring us to my topic. Chris Jacke and Adam Vinatieri are hoping Super Bowl XXXI won't come down to a last-gasp field goal, because they both have a case of the nerves. Jacke and Vinatieri both realize the Super Bowl can be a graveyard for a field-goal kicker. One wide right one, in particular, was SB XXV goat Scott Norwood of the Buffalo Bills. I was pulling for Norwood. In that situation, you have to pull for the kicker. I felt for

Critical analysis on two primary research papers Essay

Critical analysis on two primary research papers - Essay Example The aim of this analysis is to assess these two articles and how well they follow general research standards and the use of (appropriate) methods. As a core requirement in the presentation of a scientific argument a paper has to begin by introducing the topic chosen in terms of a â€Å"research question" and a â€Å"hypothesis† (a â€Å"preliminary†, i.e. ahead of the actual research, answer to the question). It should then proceed by clearly stating the aim of the research and how the authors propose too â€Å"explore the problem† by comparing to other â€Å"literary source and concept†. Importantly, such published articles need to define the â€Å"setting† and/or the â€Å"sample† and qualify these and the literature in terms of a particular set of â€Å"methods† to be used and deemed appropriate, be they person-oriented and qualitative, or of a more quantitative nature, or a mix of the two groups. Following the method, is the †Å"results-section†, an analysis and discussion of the data collected. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are made, and including discussion how the study has tested the research question. Limitations of one’s findings should also be noted (Rees, 2003). The Research Process Research, the search for knowledge and problem-solving, is a process of adding to knowledge (Ellen, 1984). By this understanding, research is an ongoing process. There are, however, certain procedures to be followed and standards to be adhered to, be they of an â€Å"inductive† (experimental: â€Å"arriving at a theory based on facts†) or â€Å"deductive† (â€Å"facts are organized to match theory†) nature. Based on this division, one arrives at a â€Å"positivistic† and â€Å"relativistic stance†, resulting in a contrast of â€Å"explanation† (deduction, positivism) and â€Å"understanding† (induction, relativism) (Bowling, 2002, pp. 117-3 2; Alexander, 1983; Gellner, 1985). â€Å"The contrast has been exemplified by the different emphases placed upon structure and upon process; upon positivist, empiricist observation as against intellectual inference and propositions about deep structures of society; by notions of detachment and objectivity opposed by more subjectivist views; by assumptions of validity and certainty of generalisation set off against those of ambiguity, uncertainty of findings. Such contrasts are not unilineal; they often overlap† (Firth, 1992, p. 215). Firth’s last sentence is revealing. Contrasts between a quantitative and qualitative approach are often being set up but they do not refer to real differences in the end. It is, as another anthropologist notes, rather â€Å"a matter of degree† since both dimensions (induction and deduction) are indispensable for an understanding of other people and their worlds (Geertz, 1974). The alleged contrast is as straw man argument. Research question and hypothesis in the two articles 1. Brotherton, Abbott and Aggett’s (2006) article is about how percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding relates to the daily lives of adult patients. The authors aim was to explore that question (research question) from two perspectives, that of patients and carers. Their research question assumes (hypothesis) that the two parties hold different notions and models regarding the

Visionary Idealism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Visionary Idealism - Essay Example For him, the process of artistic creation holds the potential of transcending the limitations of the mind and more fully expressing the divine spirit. He also believes that art can induce within the viewer an elevated state wherein spiritual states of being are attained (Grey). In this essay, I am going to cover a brief history of his life, the progression of his art and performances, where his art is displayed and has been used, and some positive and negative reviews of his works. My purpose is to critically critique Alex Grey's artistic style and vision. Alex Grey was born in Columbus, Ohio on November 29, 1953. Being the middle child of a middle-class couple, he strove to please his father by excelling in drawing. It was his father, who was a graphic designer, who saw in him his exceptional talent and encouraged his drawing ability. As a young child he would collect insects and dead animals from around the neighborhood and bury them in the back yard. From his earliest drawings to his performances, paintings and sculptures, the themes of death and transcendence have been woven throughout (Grey). During his teenage years he lived a solitary life in a world of his own imagination that could not be easily understood by others and did not give much concern to right or wrong. His art during that time shows how confused he was about himself, and about life and spirituality. It led him to express the tearing apart, the confusion, and the duality within his being. He attended the Columbus College of Art and Design for two years (1971-73), then dropped out and painted billboards in Ohio for a year (73-74) (Grey). He then attended the Boston Museum School for one year to study with the conceptual artist Jay Jaroslav (Grey). This is also where he met his wife Allyson, the artist. During this period he had a series of entheogenically induced mystical experiences that transformed his agnostic existentialism to a radical transcendentalism (Grey). He then spent five years at Harvard Medical School working in the Anatomy department studying the human body (Grey). As expected, the earlier works of Alex Grey (both drawing and painting) are simpler and more of self portrayal. His later works have shown maturity and complexity, moving out of self but still focusing on the human anatomy. What stuck out most about his early works is how talented and detailed his lines and features are, and how almost perfectly he has recreated himself in his visual arts. His later portrayal of himself reveals his own self realization and self actualization, revealing the inner struggles and duality of his inner being. He is able to show his audience what transpires within himself and the difficulties he has been going through as he is initiated into the growing complexity of his inner and outer world. In addition, his focus on the human eye in many of his works reveals an all-knowing existence of somebody, be it himself or God or any other important person in his life, which truly affects him and all of his life. One example is the "Vision Mission." The eye is placed above, which is believed as the vision, while the hand with the pointing finger below may stand for the mission. This drawing may have a spiritual implication and may have a much deeper meaning from what is actually shown. Moreover, his

How to Write an Article Review Essay Example for Free

How to Write an Article Review Essay Writing an article review, which is also sometimes referred to as an article critique, is a special type of writing that involves reading an article and then providing the reader with your personal take on its content. In general, article review essays should start with a heading that includes a citation of the sources that are being reviewed. The first paragraph, which is the introduction to the article review, should provide a summary of the article highlights. This summary should not provide every last detail about the article being reviewed. Rather, it should only discuss the most important details. If you find yourself carrying on or needing more than one paragraph to write your summary, you need to revisit the paragraph and find ways to trim down the length of your summary. Following the brief summary of your article, you will then need to explain why the article is significant. Questions you should ask yourself when writing these paragraphs include: Does the article fill a void within the literature that already exists on the topic? Does the article contain any information that would be considered â€Å"breakthrough† information? Will the information contained within this article cause other people in the field to change their ideas about the subject matter or does it simply revisit information that is already known in the field? In your final paragraphs, you will need to present your personal evaluation of the article. Some questions you should ask yourself in order to come up with your personal evaluation include whether or not the article is well written and clear. You should also consider whether or not any information was missing and if more research is needed on the topic. If you are writing the article review for a class, try to connect the article to organizational and industrial experience and try to connect the content of the article to information that you have been studying in your course. As you write your article review, keep in mind that you are doing more than just a book report. Rather than focus on telling what the article was about, your article review should reflect your personal opinions on the article as well as how it affects you or the field in which it was written. After you have finished writing your article review, be sure to go back and re-read it. This way, you will be able to look at it with a fresh set of eyes and you may notice errors that you had not previously noticed. Outline of the Article Review Please include the following categories in your article review. Full Bibliographic Reference Introduction: Objectives, Article Domain, Audience, Journal and Conceptual/Emprical Classification Very Brief Summary Results Contributions Foundation Synthesis with other materials Analysis Additional Analysis General Critique) Further Critique of a Conceptual Article -or- Further Critique of an Empirical Article Issues (in your opinion). Questions Annotated Bibliography Citation Analysis Appendix 1. Full Bibliographic Reference State the full bibliographic reference for the article you are reviewing (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) Important: this is not the bibliography listed at the end of the article, rather the citation of the article itself! 2. Introduction: Objectives, Article Domain, Audience, Journal and Conceptual/Emprical Classification Paragraph 1: State the objectives (goals or purpose) of the article. What is the articles domain (topic area)? Paragraph 2: State whether the article is conceptual or empirical, and why you believe it is conceptual or empirical. Empirical articles and conceptual articles have a similar objective: to substantiate an argument proposed by the author. While a conceptual article supports such an argument based on logical and persuasive reasoning, an empirical article offers empirical evidence to support the argument. Empirical articles offer substantial, detailed evidence which the authors analyze using statistical methods. Empirical articles must include hypotheses (or propositions), detailed research results, and (statistical) analyses of this empirical evidence. Empirical research includes experiments, surveys, questionnaires, field studies, etc, and to limited degree, case studies. Conceptual articles may refer to such empirical evidence, but do not provide the detailed analysis of that evidence. 3. Brief Summary For an article review, do not spend much space summarizing the article. Instead focus on analysis of the article. Thus, in this section, summarize the article only very briefly. Paragraph 1: what is the problem or opportunity being addressed Paragraph 2: which solution is proposed (the solution could be a new model or a theory that explains the problem) Paragraph 3: what evidence is put forth that this solution is appropriate (If this is an empirical article, be sure to briefly describe what kind of empirical study was done as part of the evidence) 4. Results Very briefly summarize the important points (observations, conclusions, findings) in the article. Please do not repeat lists of items in the articles just summarize the essence of these if you feel they are necessary to include. 5. Contributions. An article makes a contribution by adding to the knowledge of researchers in a research field. An article can make a contribution to the research field in many ways. Does it provide a new way to look at a problem? Does it bring together or synthesize several concepts (or frameworks, models, etc. ) together in an insightful way that has not been done before? Does it provide new solutions? Does it provide new results? Does it identify new issues? Does it provide a comprehensive survey or review of a domain? Does it provide new insights? Also, is it salient (relevant and current) to a particular scientific issue or managerial problem? Are the issues addressed introduced in a way that their relevance to practice is evident? Would answers to the questions raised in the article likely to be useful to researchers and managers? Note: Do not discuss the contributions of the technologies the article describes, but rather the contributions of the article itself! The articles contributions should be original. Describe each contribution clearly in a separate paragraph or bullet point. Discuss why the contribution is important. Alternatively, if you believe the article makes no contributions, explain why clearly. 6. Foundation. Good research often is built upon theories and frameworks that other researchers have developed. Sometimes articles will be substantially based upon this prior work, and refer back to it in some detail. (Not all research articles will do this. ) Which theoretical foundations does this article and research build on, if any? In what ways? Include references/citations of the foundation work. (You can determine this in part from the works the article cites. )Note, however, that most works cited are not core foundational work, but rather just support certain aspects of the article. Similarly, do not confuse a general discussion of related topics as foundational work. If the article does not build upon key pieces of prior research, then write in your review This article does not build upon any foundation research. (If you do not state this explicitly, you will not receive credit for this section. ) 7. Synthesis with Class Materials Synthesis means analyzing a particular topic by comparing and contrasting it with, and thinking about it from the viewpoint of, the class materials from across the semester. These materials include the articles, models, frameworks, guidelines and other concepts weve covered. (Of course, only certain materials will be relevant for any given article. )Note: You have to do this synthesis! You need to relate this article to other things we have studied, so by definition you will not find this analysis in the article itself! You also could analyze the approach the author took to the articles analysis and discussion. Discuss the articles approach and results in terms of one or more of the frameworks, etc. , from the text or readings, or any you find elsewhere. As part of this analysis, reference other articles youve read, when appropriate. Compare the approach, results and contribution with all articles about similar topics or with a similar approach. For all of these, do your synthesis comparison in as much depth as you can! 8. Analysis Note: Many people assume this category is the same as General Critique. It is not. General Critique is a different category from this, and follows below. What has changed since the article was written? How do its lessons, ideas and theories still apply? To what extent has its issues been resolved? Additional Analysis Optionally, try applying the articles models, frameworks and guidelines, etc. yourself. Do you find them useful? In addition, you may optionally add your own additional analysis in a separate subsection. (Do not repeat the authors analysis in the paper you could summarize this as part of the results section. ) 9. General Critique In this section you should state your opinions of how well (or poorly) the authors did their research and presented the research results in the article. Your critique can contain both positive and negative comments. Justify and explain in detail each of your critique points in a separate paragraph of at least 4-5 sentences. The following are suggestions only: Does it build upon the appropriate foundation (i. e. , upon appropriate prior research)? Did the authors choose the correct approach, and then execute it properly? How confident are you in the articles results, and why? Are its ideas really new, or do the authors simply repackage old ideas and perhaps give them a new name? Do the authors discuss everything they promise in the articles introduction and outline? What are the articles shortcomings (faults) and limitations (boundaries)? Did it discuss all of the important aspects and issues in its domain (topic area)? In what way should the article have made a contribution, but then did not? Do the authors make appropriate comparisons to similar events, cases or occurrences? How complete and thorough a job did the authors do? Do the authors include an adequate discussion, analysis and conclusions? Did they justify everything adequately? Did they provide enough background information for the intended audience to understand it? For you to understand it? Were there adequate and appropriate examples and illustrations? Ask yourself these questions when justifying your critique points: why/why not? how? what distinguishes the differences/different approaches, and in what ways? 9. 1. Further Critique of a Conceptual Article (only for conceptual articles) A critique of a conceptual article examines the logic of the arguments made by the authors. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. Give examples whenever possible. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. LOGICAL CONSISTENCY: Do any parts of the article or research contradict or invalidate other parts? If so, have the authors acknowledged and explained this adequately? 2. COHERENCE: Does the article make sense? Did the authors approach this article (and this research) sensibly? Does the article develop an argument that follows a coherent line of reasoning? Are the boundaries of the argument reasonably well defined? Does the argument anticipate most, if not all, rival arguments? Does the article flow in a logical sequence? Do later parts build logically upon earlier parts? 3. SUBSTANCE: Does the article provide an argument or a line of reasoning that offers insight into important issues, or does it merely summarize previous studies in a shallow way that does not reflect depth of analysis? Does the article provide ways (a model, framework, guidelines, etc. ) to guide future thinking about the issue(s) the author is addressing? 4. FOCUS: Is there a clear audience that the authors address? Was the article written at the appropriate level for this audience? 9. 2. Further Critique of an Empirical Article (only for empirical articles) A critique of an empirical article examines the strength of the empirical evidence supporting the authors argument. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. CLARITY: Is the articles purpose and argument clear? Do the researchers clearly develop a major research question, proposition, or hypothesis that is to be evaluated in the empirical study and discussed in this article? If the study is exploratory (preliminary), is sufficient justification for an exploratory strategy given? 2. THEORETICAL GROUNDING: Is the researchers argument grounded in more basic theory? Is it clear whether the structure of the empirical study (i. e., what they do) was derived from theory, or just made up? In theory-building articles, is the need for new theory adequately established? 3. DESIGN OF RESEARCH INVESTIGATION: Is it clear exactly how the empirical study was carried out? Is the design of the research approach (field study, experiments, questionnaires, etc. both contents and how they will be used) adequate to address the common threats to internal and external validity? Have appropriate controls been established, and is the selection of research sites justified? Are the hypotheses and experiments, etc., significant? 4. MEASUREMENT: Empirical studies can have quantitative measurements (i. e. , numeric results) and qualitative or subjective measurements. Are the measures used adequately described (i. e. , what is measured in the study and how)? Are data on the reliability and validity of these measures reported? Does the article feel anecdotal or solidly supported with evidence? For example, in case or field studies, are the results well documented? Is it clear who the subjects were, and with whom interviews were carried out? Were important results cross-checked, i. e., determined across a range of subjects or just gotten from one or two subjects? 5. ANALYSIS: Is the analysis of empirical data conducted properly? Do the data conform to the requirements of any statistical tests used? Are qualitative data adequately described and presented? 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In discussing the results of the empirical study, do the authors remain true to the actual findings of the study? Are the claims made in the conclusion of the article actually supported by the empirical data? If the study is exploratory, do the authors offer research questions or hypotheses for future research? 7. BIASES: Do the biases of the authors affect the design of the research or the interpretation of the results? Are the authors aware of potential biases and the affect on the study? 10. Issues (listed by the author) What open questions or issues has the author stated remain unresolved? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issues paragraph should take the following format: what is the issue? why do you believe this is an important issue? in what way is it unresolved suggestions for resolving it if you give your own suggestions (instead of or in addition to the authors, then precede each with I would propose If it has been resolved since the article was written, then state how it was resolved. 11. Issues (in your opinion) List several open questions or issues which remain unresolved in your opinion? For example, what possible future research questions could arise from this article? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issues paragraph should take the following format: what is the issue? why do you believe this is an important issue? in what way is it unresolved suggestions for resolving it 12. Questions List three insightful questions of your own, arising from this article. Do not ask definitions, but rather questions that really make one think. 13. Annotated Bibliography For every item you have cited in your report, you need a full reference and an annotation explaining it. List the full bibliographic references (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) for anything you have cited in your review. IMPORTANT: This is NOT the bibliography listed at the end of the article. It is the bibliographic references for any readings you yourself referred to inside your review. Write 2-4 sentences describing the article. Write 2-3 sentences describing why you cited it. 14. Citation Analysis Appendix If the article has no citations then write in that section I found no citations in the [Science Citation Index or the Social Sciences Citation Index or on the Internet]. Note, if your article has more than 20 citations, you only need to include a selection of them: State how many citations each index has and the Web search found List 1-2 citations for each year in which the article has been cited. Try to include citations from several different journals spread over your selection ? Include a citation analysis to see who has cited it and how.

Essay on the Outdated Themes of Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays

The Outdated Themes of Taming of the Shrew The play, Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare’s comedies. It portrays the humorous events regarding the suiting of Kate, a shrew dwelling in the city of Padua. It portrays many ideas about love and marriage that do not quite fit with our current views and what we know about relationships. It can be argued that the comedy of the play makes it universal, but it contains some themes that will not be received in the same light as they were during Shakespeare’s time. The comedy is still mostly universal. The visual comedy in the play, like Kate falling off of her horse into the mud, is still universally appealing. The comedy of actions is also equally universal. For example, Petruchio’s actions would be just as humorous now as they were in Shakespeare’s day. But, the situations that erupt from his actions are sometimes questionable in whether they are humorous or if they border into off-color disrespect for Kate, or females in general. The majority of the play is universal, but I feel the major themes the play puts forth are a little outdated and lacking of respect. The major theme is portrayed by the attitude towards marriage shown in Petruchio and Kate’s relationship. First the relationship was started entirely against the wife’s will, and for the fiscal benefit of the husband, with no intent of love involved. This is especially shown when Kate walks onto the roof of her father's house. The first thing that Petruchio does is states his worries about loosing not Kate, but his "20 thousand crowns," that he was promised if he wed Kate. Petruchio used his wife only as a stepping block, and later after "taming" her, used her as a status symbol. His method of "taming" her was suppressive, and locked her into a position she did not willingly want to be in. After she was tamed, she stopped speaking of her feelings and misgivings honestly, and suppressed them. In a relationship, the second most important thing is to be able to openly share and reveal your feelings, which is not what the play of this play shows. In the play, Kate is forced to suppress her feelings just to get food, or to be able to visit her friends and family. Petruchio "tames" Kate by rewarding her for being obedient, and punishing her when she disagrees with him. Essay on the Outdated Themes of Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays The Outdated Themes of Taming of the Shrew The play, Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare’s comedies. It portrays the humorous events regarding the suiting of Kate, a shrew dwelling in the city of Padua. It portrays many ideas about love and marriage that do not quite fit with our current views and what we know about relationships. It can be argued that the comedy of the play makes it universal, but it contains some themes that will not be received in the same light as they were during Shakespeare’s time. The comedy is still mostly universal. The visual comedy in the play, like Kate falling off of her horse into the mud, is still universally appealing. The comedy of actions is also equally universal. For example, Petruchio’s actions would be just as humorous now as they were in Shakespeare’s day. But, the situations that erupt from his actions are sometimes questionable in whether they are humorous or if they border into off-color disrespect for Kate, or females in general. The majority of the play is universal, but I feel the major themes the play puts forth are a little outdated and lacking of respect. The major theme is portrayed by the attitude towards marriage shown in Petruchio and Kate’s relationship. First the relationship was started entirely against the wife’s will, and for the fiscal benefit of the husband, with no intent of love involved. This is especially shown when Kate walks onto the roof of her father's house. The first thing that Petruchio does is states his worries about loosing not Kate, but his "20 thousand crowns," that he was promised if he wed Kate. Petruchio used his wife only as a stepping block, and later after "taming" her, used her as a status symbol. His method of "taming" her was suppressive, and locked her into a position she did not willingly want to be in. After she was tamed, she stopped speaking of her feelings and misgivings honestly, and suppressed them. In a relationship, the second most important thing is to be able to openly share and reveal your feelings, which is not what the play of this play shows. In the play, Kate is forced to suppress her feelings just to get food, or to be able to visit her friends and family. Petruchio "tames" Kate by rewarding her for being obedient, and punishing her when she disagrees with him.

Reading Level of Grade Three Pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School Essay

The current issue being faced today by most educators is that during enrolment, some pupils who are promoted in Grade Three are still considered as non-readers. According to Arnold Peralta (2006), enabling the child to read in Grade 1 and 2, the primary grade is very necessary. It is in this stage that the habit of reading should be developed. If a child will not be able to read, understand what he reads and developed the habit of reading, he/she can hardly make it in the higher grades. According to Businessdictionary. com, reading grade level means number assigned to the level of complexity of a reading material, it equates to a given level of schooling, For example, a reading grade level of seven means the reading material is intended for a seventh grade student. In the field of education, this concept is very important in determining pupils’ progress in reading. According to Juan Miguel Luz (2007), Grade Three (10 years old) is a critical year in terms of formal schooling. Before School Year 2012-2023 preschooling is neither compulsory nor part of the package of free public education guaranteed by the Constitution, Grade Three marks the third full year of basic education for children who attend public elementary school and the year when the facility to read, write, and do the four operations of arithmetic with competence is expected. (Less than 20 percent of those who go to public elementary school actually attend a full year of preschool education). Dropping out before this grade level thus becomes a major contributor to the lack of functional literacy, which in turn has a negative impact on adults and their eventual work productivity. This is assuming, of course, that by the end of Grade 3 (or the third year of formal full-time schooling), the children’s competence in the three ‘Rs are being honed fully. But seeing it, that may not be happening in far too many schools. Furthermore, since they learned the basic skills in reading during their previous grades, they are expected to be a good reader when they reach Grade Three. However, there are many pupils who are still considered as non-readers. Stothard & Hulme (1996) described reading as the interaction of two distinct processes, decoding and comprehension. For skilled readers decoding is a highly automated task. Skilled readers can focus their attention on comprehension of the novel material. Low ability readers typically have difficulties studying and learning from expository textual material (Helwig, Almond, Rozek-Tedesco, Tindal, & Heath, 1999). Readers with robust verbal ability skills are more likely to analyze new information and draw inferences than their peers with low verbal ability. DepEd intensifies reading literacy in schools by enforcing the policy called â€Å"Every Child A Reader† (the Education Post Vol. 21, No. 1). Undersecretary Bacani said the new policy aims to make every Filipino child a successful reader at the end of Grade 3. The undersecretary is expecting that no pupil will be promoted to higher grades unless he or she manifests mastery of the basic literacy skills in a particular grade (Arnold Peralta,2006). The researchers presupposed factors to consider in eradicating or minimizing non- readers in every school. Among this are children who have spent less time in reading, their father and mother educational attainment, type of pre-school attended whether in public or private, and monthly family income. This is caused by the influence of the modern world, and parents’ inability to monitor the child’s progress because they are preoccupied with their chosen job. Some children choose to hang around malls, play computer or video games, or watch cartoons and consider reading as part of school activities that need to be forgotten during their spare time. (Arnold Peralta,2006) On the other hand, this is maybe caused by parent’s low educational attainment, and the absence of any reading and educational materials in their homes. According to Arnold Peralta (2006), the parents’ role is very important in helping increase their children’s habits. They must be involved in any activity to improve their children’s reading ability. That is why, in relation to this, the researchers aim to conduct a study that shall determine if such factors have indeed some kind of influence with the Reading Level of Grade Three pupils of Luis Mirasol Memorial School. Statement of the Problem This study will be conducted to determine the Reading Level of Grade Three Pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School. Specifically, this study aims to: 1. Describe the respondent’s socio-economic characteristics in terms of educational attainment of the father , educational attainment of the mother, and the monthly family income,type of pre-school attended, and number of hours spent in reading; 2. Determine the reading level of the respondents; 3. Determine if there is a relationship between the respondents’ socio-economic characteristics such as: educational attainment of a father, educational attainment of mother, monthly family income, and type of pre-school attended and number of hours spent in reading of the respondents. Research Hypotheses 1. There is no significant relationship between the respondents’ socio-economic characteristics such as: educational attainment of a father, educational attainment of mother, monthly family income, and type of pre-school attended, time spent in reading and the reading level. Theoretical Framework This study is based on various theories on reading level: According to the theory of reading as defined by (Henry,1986) that it must deal with wide range of issues and account for a wide range of behaviors and capabilities. Reading occurs when a child has developed sufficient decoding skills. Decoding is the ability to decipher printed words into meaningful spoken language. More specifically, decoding refers to the skill at which one is able to recognize sound, individual phonemes in a printed or written word and then length and those phonemes to form the sound of the word by (Adams 1990)NRP,2000;National Researcher Council,1998) Philip Gough and Wesley Hoover (1990) describe a theory called simple review of reading, a theory that supported that decoding is necessary for reading level success. This view asserts that weaknesses in reading decoding will result in weak reading. According to (Moats 1999, p5). Reading is the fundamental skill upon which all formal education depends. Research now shows that a child who does [not] learn the basics early is unlikely to learn them at all. Any child who does learn [not] to learn to read-early and will not easily master other skills  and knowledge and unlikely to ever flourish in schools or in life. According to (Kantawala, 1980) states that, the higher the socioeconomic status the better the reading attitude, according to him students of small size family had a more favourable reading attitude than those of large families. Due to the lack of independent reading student may not have developed the positive attitude towards reading. Conceptual Framework Reading level is one of the problems of teachers and parents with regards to their pupils and children. As parents become worried on the reading level of their sons and daughters many of them are unaware of the factors which may significantly affect such occurrence. These pupils on the other hand, who have delayed reading level, frequently, consider reading a task for them to study. In this study, Monthly family income, Preschool last attended, Time spent in reading serves as the Independent Variables while Reading level serve as the Dependent Variable. In terms of Monthly Family Income the researcher believe that those respondents with a higher monthly family income are expected to have a high reading level. In terms of Pre-school last attended, researchers believe that those pupils who obtain schooling in private pre-school than in public are expected to a have high reading level. In terms of Time spent in reading, the researchers believe that those who spent much time in reading are expected to have high reading level. Independent variable 1. Socio-economic characteristics * Educational attainment the father * Educational attainment the mother * Monthly family income 2. Type of school where pre-school education was obtained * Public * Private 3. Time spent in reading Dependent variable Reading Level Figure 1. A Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the Independent and Dependent Variables. Definition of Terms To establish a frame of understanding for both the researchers and readers to facilitate correct interpretation of the results of the study, the following term were defined: Educational Attainment of Father – this pertains to the highest level of instruction, obtained in an institution of learning by the father. It is classified as elementary, high school or college. Educational Attainment of Mother – this pertains to the highest level of instruction, obtained in an institution of learning by the mother. It is classified as elementary, high school or college. Monthly Family Income. This refers to the total gross income of the pupils family per month and is further classified into High (Php 5000 and above), Average (Php2500 and above), Low (1500 and below). Pre-school last attended. Type of school where pre-school education was obtained whether it is in Day Care Center or Pre-Elementary Public School. Time Spent in Reading. This refers to average time not less than 80 to 100 minutes of independent or shared reading per week by the pupils. Reading Level- reading will be measured by using the IRI assessment and the respondents will be ranked through Frustration level, Instructional Level, Independent Level. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study aims to determine the factors related to the Reading Level of Grade 3 pupils at Luis Mirasol Memorial School during the School Year 2012-2013. This study will be conducted at Luis Mirasol Memorial School for convenience of both the researchers and the respondents. The Grade 3 pupils were selected as respondents of this study. The information needed in this study will be gathered using a self-administered questionnaire structured by the researchers. Furthermore, the interview and questionnaire will use to test the reliability of the research instrument. This study would be more reliable if it covers a larger scope and if more respondents will be involved. But this will also mean more effort, time and money that the researchers despondently lack. Significance of the study. The results of this investigation are expected to be highly beneficial to the following: Central Philippine University—College of Education. As an educational institution that hones every individual to become successful professionals in the future, the problem would be beneficial to the College of Education for the outreach center in the field study, to plan out certain programs, and strategies for the Luis Mirasol Memorial School as a partnership of Central Philippine University. Luis Mirasol Memorial School. If this study proves to be beneficial as a means of basis and standards, teachers will be able to find new ways and strategies on how to improve the reading level of their pupils. Parents. As the legal guardians of the children, the results of this investigation would serve as a stimuli towards their awareness on the factors that affect the reading level of their children. Furthermore, this study would initiate them to be more involved to follow up their children at home with partnership to the teacher and open line communication for the development of their children. Elementary Pupils. Whenever proven that the mentioned factors have something to do with the Reading Level of the pupils, the pupils themselves can learn and even do something to counteract negative impact caused by such factors as to their reading skills. Researchers. The outcome and conclusions drawn from this study will be beneficial to other researchers as a guideline for future studies. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Educational Attainment of both Parents and Reading Level Research on parenting also has shown that parent education is related to a warm, social climate in the home. Klebanov et al. (1994) found that both mothers’ education and family income were important predictors of the physical environment and learning experiences in the home but that mothers’ education alone was predictive of parental warmth. Likewise, Smith et al. (1997) found that the association of family income and parents’ education with children’s academic achievement was mediated by the home environment. The mediation effect was stronger for maternal education than for family income. Thus, these authors posited that education might be linked to specific achievement behaviors in the home (e. g. , reading, playing). Preschool Attended and Reading Level Preschool helps children to use their minds by knowing where the child means also knowing how his mind deals with the activities of the curriculum and other experiences in the early years. Mental operation most relevant for early education can be grouped into 3 major areas: perception, memory and problem solving. According to Maria Montessori, early education has an indispensable role in the whole personality of the child. The stage of human development from 0-6 years is the stage of the most absorbent mind and the critical period of a child. This stage is the most sensitive period in the life of the child that needed a wholesome, healthful and rich background. If a child fails in reading during the primary grades, his chances for success in any other academic area are greatly reduced. It is therefore essential that a pre-school program for children do all it can to ensure that the children will succeed in reading when they enter school. (http://onlineacademics. org/ReadingDiagnosis. html) Preschool improves children’s problem solving abilities for elementary school. Educational advocates recognize early childhood education, during the preschool years, as among the most enduring and beneficial services a community can provide for its children. Some parents choose to delay formal education until kindergarten, instead instructing their children in reading readiness tasks and offering enrichment classes at home. Children who aren’t offered these opportunities, whether at home or in a formal school setting, perform below their kindergarten classmates in reading and social readiness. (W. Steven Barnett; January 2006). According to a study by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, children who attended preschool scored at a higher reading level than children who did not attend preschool. Even if they couldn’t read, exposure to reading, books and listening to stories resulted in higher levels of letter and number recognition. When introduced to numbers and letters during kindergarten, children who attended preschool already had conceptual and visual familiarity, making it easier for them to make sense of written words. This advantage in reading comprehension and ability continued through age 15. Time Spent in Reading and Reading Level. (U. S. Department of Education, 1986) have recently reiterated the assertion that time spent reading at school and at home is an important facet of a reading program. Despite the perceived importance of time spent reading, a number of studies have found that intermediate grade students spend relatively little time reading at school or at home. It has been well documented that, in general, the amount of time that students are engaged in academic tasks during the reading period at school is positively correlated with gains in reading achievement (Brophy & Good,1986; Fisher et al. , 1980; Stallings & Kaskowitz, 1974). At the same time, however, many activities besides silent reading occur during the reading period (Anderson et al. , 1985). Consequently, studies on general student engagement during the reading period do not provide direct evidence of a meaningful relationship between time spent on silent reading and reading achievement. A few studies have supported the assertion that time engaged in silent reading is an important determinant of elementary students’ reading achievement. Greaney (1980) found a positive relationship between the amount of time spent reading at home and the reading achievement of elementary-age children. In effect, the assertion that time engaged in silent reading at school and at home is important for children’s reading growth has little empirical support; the literature contains surprisingly few studies that have actually found significant relations between time engaged in silent reading and gains in reading achievement for intermediate grade students. In fact, Wilkinson et al. (1988) and Anderson et al. (1988) have recently bemoaned the paucity of evidence. Thus, in the present study we focus on the relationship between reading and achievement gains. We attempt to provide data directly relevant to the policy question of whether or not elementary teachers and administrators should advocate students devoting more time to silent reading at school and at home. Synthesis of Review of Related Literature The Related Literature presented above revealed that there are certain existing factors related to the Reading Level of the pupils in an educational institution. It was mentioned by Klebanov et al. (1994) that education of parents and family income were important predictors of the physical environment and learning experiences in the home. Likewise, Smith et al. (1997) found that the association of family income and parents’ education with children’s academic achievement was mediated by the home environment. The pre-school program for children do all it can to ensure that the children will succeed in reading when they enter school (Maria Montessori). This serve as a foundation to their basic learning during their elementary grades. The time spent on reading has been beneficial to children who read during their free time. It has been well documented that, in general, the amount of time that students are engaged in academic tasks during the  reading period at school is positively correlated with gains in reading achievement (Brophy & Good,1986; Fisher et al. , 1980; Stallings & Kaskowitz, 1974). Chapter III METHODOLOGY This chapter presents a description of the Research Design, locale of Study, Sampling Population, Research Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure and Data Analysis. Research Design The non –experimental Design, Specifically the One shot survey was used in this study since it is the most appropriate approach in collecting the prescribed data. This design is suitable for the collection of descriptive information about the population or subjects of the study. Moreover, the design requires data to be collected once and it also utilized when the objective is describe a situation or condition of a study population as it exist. Locale of the Study The data and information needed in this study was obtained at Luis Mirasol Memorial School, for the convenience of both the respondents and the researchers. The locale is also appropriate, as it can accommodate all the respondents of the study. Respondents of the Study. All of the Grade III pupils from Luis Mirasol Memorial School will be taken as respondents of this study. Census of the total population from the mention institution will be formally obtained with proper permission from the School’s Principal with the total 70 respondents. Data Gathering Instrument The information needed in this study will be gathered using self-administered questionnaire and to be structured by the researchers. It consists of four parts: The first part of the instrument will asks about the Educational Attainment of both Parents, the second part pertains to the  Family Income of the respondents, the third part will asks about the Type of Pre-school the respondent attended, and the fourth part is the number of hours that the respondents spent in reading. Data Processing and Analysis The data in this study will be subjected to computer processed statistics using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Program. A coding manual was prepared for easy facilitation of the data. In order to achieve the goals of the study, Descriptive Statistics which included the mean and Inferential Statistics which included the frequency count and percentage of the results was used. CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION The following are the results of our study conducted during the summer of 2012. We interviewed 53 students and the results show that when the respondents are grouped according to educational attainment of the father, the results are: Table 1. Distribution of Respondents According To Educational Attainment of the Father EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE FATHER| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| | Elementary| 4| 7. 5| 7. 5| 7. 5| | High School| 15| 28. 3| 28. 3| 35. 8| | College Level| 6| 11. 3| 11. 3| 47. 2| | College Graduate| 28| 52. 8| 52. 8| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100.0| 100. 0| | In table 1, out of the 53 respondents, majority of their fathers are college graduate, 28 in total which comprise 52. 8% of the total population, followed by fathers who are high school graduates 15 in total, which comprise 28% of the total population. College level fathers and Elementary graduate are the bottom two, 6 and 4 in total respectively and comprise 11. 3% and 7. 5% of the total population. The data shows that the degree of educational attainment of mother does not affect the reading level of the pupils. Table 2. Distribution of Respondents According To Educational Attainment of the Mother  EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE MOTHER| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | Elementary| 6| 11. 3| 11. 3| 11. 3| | High school| 15| 28. 3| 28. 3| 39. 6| | College level| 11| 20. 8| 20. 8| 60. 4| | College graduate| 21| 39. 6| 39. 6| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | In table 2, the data shows that out of the 53 respondents, majority of their mothers are college graduate, 21 in total which comprise 39. 6% of the total population, followed by mothers who are high school graduates 15 in total, which comprise 28. 3% of the total population. College level mothers and Elementary graduate are the bottom two, 11 and 6 in total respectively and comprise 20. 8% and 11. 3% of the total population. The data shows that the degree of educational attainment of mother does not affect the reading level of the pupils. According to____________________________________________? Table 3. Distribution of Respondents According to Monthly Income MONTHLY INCOME| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | 5000 and above| 23| 43. 4| 43. 4| 43. 4| | 1501-4999| 20| 37. 7| 37. 7| 81. 1| | 1500 and below| 10| 18. 9| 18. 9| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them have monthly net income above 5000, 23 in total which comprise 43. 4% of the total population, followed by those who have monthly income ranging from 1501 to 4999, 20 in total, which comprise 37. 7% of the total population, and lastly those who have monthly net income higher than 15000 comprised 18. 9% of the population, or 10 respondents. This data shows that According to Table 4. Distribution of Respondents According Type of Preschool Attended PRESCHOOL ATTENDED| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | Public| 51| 96. 2| 96. 2| 96. 2| | Private| 2| 3. 8| 3. 8| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them have finished their preschool in public schools, which comprise 51 respondents or 96. 2% of the entire population. The remaining 2 or 3. 8% went to private schools. This data shows that? __________________________ According to_______________________? Table 5. Distribution of Respondents According Time Spent in Reading TIME SPENT IN READING| | Frequency (F)| Percent %| Valid Percent %| Cumulative Percent %| | one hour a day| 26| 49. 1| 49. 1| 49. 1| | two hours a day| 5| 9. 4| 9. 4| 58. 5| | three hours a day| 2| 3. 8| 3. 8| 62. 3| | one hour in a week| 5| 9. 4| 9. 4| 71. 7| | three hours in a week| 2| 3. 8| 3. 8| 75. 5| | Less than one hour a week| 13| 24. 5| 24. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 53| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Out of the 53 respondents, majority of them spent one hour a day in reading, 26 in all or 49. 1%, followed by those who read less than an hour a week, 13 in all or 24. 5%. Those who read two hours a day and one hour a week are both tied which comprise 9. 4% of the population or 5 respondents in all. Same is in those who read three hours a day and three hours a week, both 2  respondents’ responds positively comprising 3. 8% of the population. This data shows that? __________________According to_______________? When grouped according to the raw scores in Filipino reading comprehension test we get the following results: SCORES IN FILIPINO| | Valid| 53| | Missing| 0| Mean| 78. 58| Median| 80. 00| Mode| 80| Std. Deviation| 4. 050| Minimum| 59| Maximum| 83| The range of the scores in Filipino exam is from 59 to 83, 59 being the lowest and 83 the highest, with a mean score of 78. 58, mode and median at 80 and with a standard deviation of 4. 050. (Complete table is shown in Appendix A Table 1) When grouped according to the raw scores in English reading comprehension test we get the following results: SCORES IN ENGLISH| | Valid| 53| | Missing| 0| Mean| 42. 21| Median| 44. 00| Mode| 43| Std. Deviation| 5. 749| Minimum| 17| Maximum| 49| The range of the scores in English exam is from 17 to 49, 17 being the lowest and 49 the highest, with a mean score of 42. 21, mode at 43 and median at 44 and with a standard deviation of 5. 749. (Complete table is shown in Appendix A Table 2) To test for correlation for father’s educational attainment in correlation to the respondents core in Filipino we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 093 with the significance of 0. 508. In terms for correlation between the mother’s educational attainments in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearman’s Rho to be -0. 21, with the significance of . 440. In terms of parents net monthly income in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get Spearman’s Rho of -. 013 with significance of . 464. In terms preschool attended in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearman’s Rho to be . 066, with the significance of . 321. In terms of time spent in reading in correlation to the respondents score in Filipino we get the Spearman’s Rho to be -0. 131, with the significance of . 176. To test for correlation for father’s educational attainment in correlation to the respondents score in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 086 with the significance of 0. 269. In terms of mother’s educational attainment in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 030 with the significance of 0. 415. In terms of monthly income in correlation to the respondents core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be .015 with the significance of 0. 456. In terms of preschool attended in correlation to the respondent’s core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be . 088 with the significance of 0. 265. In terms of time spent in reading in correlation to the respondent’s core in English we get, the Spearman’s Rho to be -. 114 with the significance of 0. 209. (complete table of correlation see Appendix A table 3. ) CHAPTER V CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the study the following conclusion was drawn: 1. Parent’s educational attainment, both mother and the father have no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the level educational attainment of the parents does not affects the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 2. Parent’s net monthly income has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the net monthly income of the parents does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 3. The pre-school attended by the pupil has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the preschool attended by the pupil does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 4. The pre-school attended by the pupil has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the preschool attended by the pupil does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. 5. The time spent by the pupil reading has no significant relationship with the scores both in English and Filipino. This means that the time spent by the pupil reading does not affect the scores in reading evaluation of the pupil. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are generalized: 1. Central Philippine University must take action and do more research as of what is the cause of the low reading level among Luis Mirasol Memorial School’s Grade III pupils. 2. Since there are no significant relationship between parent’s educational attainment, net monthly income and the reading level of a pupil, the parent’s must get involve in other ways in the pupil’s academe aside from the given two. 3. Researchers are recommended to find other factors that have probable relationship to reading level aside the factors given in this research. 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